Where is the PEM file format specified?

For quite a long time, there was no formal specification of the PEM format with regards to cryptographic exchange of information. PEM is the textual encoding, but what is actually being encoded depends on the context. In April 2015, the IETF approved RFC 7468, which finally documents how various implementations exchange data using PEM textual … Read more

Use of Initialization Vector in openssl_encrypt

An IV is generally a random number that guarantees the encrypted text is unique. To explain why it’s needed, let’s pretend we have a database of people’s names encrypted with the key ‘secret’ and no IV. 1 John dsfa9p8y098hasdf 2 Paul po43pokdfgpo3k4y 3 John dsfa9p8y098hasdf If John 1 knows his cipher text (dsfa9p8y098hasdf) and has … Read more

How to resolve the “EVP_DecryptFInal_ex: bad decrypt” during file decryption

This message digital envelope routines: EVP_DecryptFInal_ex: bad decrypt can also occur when you encrypt and decrypt with an incompatible versions of openssl. The issue I was having was that I was encrypting on Windows which had version 1.1.0 and then decrypting on a generic Linux system which had 1.0.2g. It is not a very helpful … Read more

Convert pem key to ssh-rsa format

No need to compile stuff. You can do the same with ssh-keygen: ssh-keygen -f pub1key.pub -i will read the public key in openssl format from pub1key.pub and output it in OpenSSH format. Note: In some cases you will need to specify the input format: ssh-keygen -f pub1key.pub -i -m PKCS8 From the ssh-keygen docs (From … Read more

How to convert an ECDSA key to PEM format

You are claiming your raw key is in OpenSSL’s DER format, which it isn’t. Also you are claming a private key is a public key, which it isn’t, and claiming it’s password-encrypted which is wrong either way: public keys are never encrypted and private keys in OpenSSL’s ‘traditional’ aka ‘legacy’ algorithm-specific DER formats (for ECC, … Read more

Generate certificates, public and private keys with Java [closed]

You can generate Certificate in java dynamically, by using a pair or keys. (Public Key, Private Keys). Get These keys as BigInteger format and checking the following code to generate certificate. RSAPrivateKeySpec serPrivateSpec = new RSAPrivateKeySpec( new BigInteger(val of pub key), new BigInteger(val of pri key)); fact = KeyFactory.getInstance(“RSA”); PrivateKey serverPrivateKey = fact.generatePrivate(serPrivateSpec); RSAPublicKeySpec serPublicSpec … Read more

OpenSSL hangs during PKCS12 export with “Loading ‘screen’ into random state”

Please try to add winpty before oppenssl: winpty openssl … or you can run a new bash wrapped by winpty: winpty bash In the windows console, there is some problem with terminal input/output so winpty can help if some software requires unix terminal behavior. winpty helped me to run openssl in this environment: git version … Read more