MATLAB Compiler encrypts and archives your MATLAB code (which remains as MATLAB .m code), and packages it in a thin executable (either .exe or .dll) wrapper. This is delivered to the end user along with the MATLAB Compiler Runtime (MCR). If you wish, the MCR can be packaged within the executable as well. The MCR … Read more
Beginning with the R2009a release of MATLAB, .NET objects can be accessed from MATLAB: http://www.mathworks.com/help/techdoc/matlab_external/brpb5k6.html In older versions of MATLAB, it is possible to access .NET objects from MATLAB using CCW: http://www.mathworks.com/support/solutions/data/1-5U8HND.html?solution=1-5U8HND and the MATLAB engine from .NET: http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/techdoc/index.html?/access/helpdesk/help/techdoc/matlab_external/f135590.html#f135616 You can also use the MATLAB Builder NE to wrap m-code into .NET assemblies. http://www.mathworks.com/products/netbuilder/
The Mathworks site has full details; a demo video of calling the Matlab engine from C, and also the Matlab to C Compiler.