Rails 6
Rails 6 added an upsert and upsert_all methods that deliver this functionality.
Model.upsert(column_name: value)
[upsert] It does not instantiate any models nor does it trigger Active Record callbacks or validations.
Rails 5, 4, and 3
Not if you are looking for an “upsert” (where the database executes an update or an insert statement in the same operation) type of statement. Out of the box, Rails and ActiveRecord have no such feature. You can use the upsert gem, however.
Otherwise, you can use: find_or_initialize_by or find_or_create_by, which offer similar functionality, albeit at the cost of an additional database hit, which, in most cases, is hardly an issue at all. So unless you have serious performance concerns, I would not use the gem.
For example, if no user is found with the name “Roger”, a new user instance is instantiated with its name set to “Roger”.
user = User.where(name: "Roger").first_or_initialize
user.email = "email@example.com"
user.save
Alternatively, you can use find_or_initialize_by.
user = User.find_or_initialize_by(name: "Roger")
In Rails 3.
user = User.find_or_initialize_by_name("Roger")
user.email = "email@example.com"
user.save
You can use a block, but the block only runs if the record is new.
User.where(name: "Roger").first_or_initialize do |user|
# this won't run if a user with name "Roger" is found
user.save
end
User.find_or_initialize_by(name: "Roger") do |user|
# this also won't run if a user with name "Roger" is found
user.save
end
If you want to use a block regardless of the record’s persistence, use tap on the result:
User.where(name: "Roger").first_or_initialize.tap do |user|
user.email = "email@example.com"
user.save
end