This message digital envelope routines: EVP_DecryptFInal_ex: bad decrypt can also occur when you encrypt and decrypt with an incompatible versions of openssl.

The issue I was having was that I was encrypting on Windows which had version 1.1.0 and then decrypting on a generic Linux system which had 1.0.2g.

It is not a very helpful error message!

Working solution:

A possible solution from @AndrewSavinykh that worked for many (see the comments):

Default digest has changed between those versions from md5 to sha256. One can specify the default digest on the command line as -md sha256 or -md md5 respectively