Yes, fill in a Rectangle with a solid color across the canvas, use the height
and width
of the canvas itself:
var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
ctx.fillStyle = "blue";
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
canvas{ border: 1px solid black; }
<canvas width=300 height=150 id="canvas">