how do i get this code to tell me what position a word in the sentence is

No need for a loop, use list.index, protected by a try/except block in case string is not found. list.index returns the first occurence of the word.

sent="ASK NOT WHAT YOUR COUNTRY CAN DO FOR YOU ASK WHAT YOU CAN DO FOR YOUR COUNTRY."
words = sent.split()
word = "WHAT"

try:
    print(words.index(word)+1)
except ValueError:
    print("{} is not in the sentence".format(word))

returns 3 because index found the word at the 3rd position (and arrays start at 0)

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