One way to do it is: while read p; do echo “$p” done <peptides.txt As pointed out in the comments, this has the side effects of trimming leading whitespace, interpreting backslash sequences, and skipping the last line if it’s missing a terminating linefeed. If these are concerns, you can do: while IFS=”” read -r p … Read more
It is very possible to have multiple versions of glibc on the same system (we do that every day). However, you need to know that glibc consists of many pieces (200+ shared libraries) which all must match. One of the pieces is ld-linux.so.2, and it must match libc.so.6, or you’ll see the errors you are … Read more
General rule: quote it if it can either be empty or contain spaces (or any whitespace really) or special characters (wildcards). Not quoting strings with spaces often leads to the shell breaking apart a single argument into many. $? doesn’t need quotes since it’s a numeric value. Whether $URL needs it depends on what you … Read more