According to Wikipedia:
Advantages:
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HTTP request and header traffic is not required for embedded data, so
data URIs consume less bandwidth whenever the overhead of encoding
the inline content as a data URI is smaller than the HTTP overhead.
For example, the required base64 encoding for an image 600 bytes long
would be 800 bytes, so if an HTTP request required more than 200
bytes of overhead, the data URI would be more efficient. -
For transferring many small files (less than a few kilobytes each), this can be faster. TCP transfers tend to start slowly. If each file requires a new TCP connection, the transfer speed is limited by the round-trip time rather than the available bandwidth. Using HTTP keep-alive improves the situation, but may not entirely alleviate the bottleneck.
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When browsing a secure HTTPS web site, web browsers commonly require that all elements of a web page be downloaded over secure connections, or the user will be notified of reduced security due to a mixture of secure and insecure elements. On badly configured servers, HTTPS requests have significant overhead over common HTTP requests, so embedding data in data URIs may improve speed in this case.
-
Web browsers are usually configured to make only a certain number
(often two) of concurrent HTTP connections to a domain, so inline
data frees up a download connection for other content. -
Environments with limited or restricted access to external resources
may embed content when it is disallowed or impractical to reference
it externally. For example, an advanced HTML editing field could
accept a pasted or inserted image and convert it to a data URI to
hide the complexity of external resources from the user.
Alternatively, a browser can convert (encode) image based data from
the clipboard to a data URI and paste it in a HTML editing field.
Mozilla Firefox 4 supports this functionality. -
It is possible to manage a multimedia page as a single file. Email
message templates can contain images (for backgrounds or signatures)
without the image appearing to be an “attachment”.
Disadvantages:
-
Data URIs are not separately cached from their containing documents
(e.g. CSS or HTML files) so data is downloaded every time the
containing documents are redownloaded. Content must be re-encoded and
re-embedded every time a change is made. -
Internet Explorer through version 7 (approximately 15% of the market as of January 2011), lacks support. However this can be overcome by serving browser specific content.
Internet Explorer 8 limits data URIs to a maximum length of 32 KB. -
Data is included as a simple stream, and many processing environments (such as web browsers) may not support using containers (such as multipart/alternative or message/rfc822) to provide greater complexity such as metadata, data compression, or content negotiation.
-
Base64-encoded data URIs are 1/3 larger in size than their binary
equivalent. (However, this overhead is reduced to 2-3% if the HTTP
server compresses the response using gzip) Data URIs make it more
difficult for security software to filter content.
According to other sources
– Data URLs are significantly slower on mobile browsers.