Order of operations causes (0 < 5 < 3) to be interpreted in javascript as ((0 < 5) < 3) which produces (true < 3) and true is counted as 1, causing it to return true.
This is also why (0 < 5 < 1) returns false, (0 < 5) returns true, which is interpreted as 1, resulting in (1 < 1).