The behavior of your code is unspecified as per the C++ Standard. Explanation The following (I removed std::endl for simplicity) std::cout << “Hello, world!” << print( std::cout ); is equivalent to this: operator<<(operator<<(std::cout, “Hello, World!”), print(std::cout)); which is a function call, passing two arguments: First argument is : operator<<(std::cout, “Hello, World!”) Second argument is : … Read more
Drawbacks Principally it confuses the signature, if something returns a new instance I don’t expect it to also be a mutator method. For example if a vector has a scale method then if it has a return I would presume it returns a new vector scaled by the input, if it doesn’t then I would … Read more
The answer to the real question is that you need to do both: Setting the prototype to an instance of the parent initializes the prototype chain (inheritance), this is done only once (since the prototype object is shared). Calling the parent’s constructor initializes the object itself, this is done with every instantiation (you can pass … Read more
Have your methods return this like: public Dialog setMessage(String message) { //logic to set message return this; } This way, after each call to one of the methods, you’ll get the same object returned so that you can call another method on. This technique is useful when you want to call a series of methods … Read more
In JavaScript Functions are first class Objects. When you define a function, it is the constructor for that function object. In other words: var gmap = function() { this.add = function() { alert(‘add’); return this; } this.del = function() { alert(‘delete’); return this; } if (this instanceof gmap) { return this.gmap; } else { return … Read more
From PHP 8, you are able to use the null safe operator which combined with the null coalescing operator allows you to write code like: echo $data->getMyObject()?->getName() ?? ”; By using ?-> instead of -> the chain of operators is terminated and the result will be null. The operators that “look inside an object” are … Read more