This is based on the Expression Evaluator grammar by Terrence Parr. The grammar for this example: grammar Expr002; options { output=AST; ASTLabelType=CommonTree; // type of $stat.tree ref etc… } prog : ( stat )+ ; stat : expr NEWLINE -> expr | ID ‘=’ expr NEWLINE -> ^(‘=’ ID expr) | NEWLINE -> ; expr … Read more
1.You can take a look at AST explorer. An online tool to explore the ASTs generated by more than 10 parsers. It is a good tool to learn AST tree of a language. AST explorer source at Github.com. 2.Also you can paste your js code into JavaScript AST visualizer and click “show ast” button, you … Read more
ast.literal_eval() accepts + in the evaluated data because 5+2j (complex number*) are valid literals. The same applies to -. To keep the code simple, no attempt is made to exclude + or – as a binary operators. No other operators are allowed; the function is supposed to only accept literals, not expressions. In other words, … Read more
ast.literal_eval (located in ast.py) parses the tree with ast.parse first, then it evaluates the code with quite an ugly recursive function, interpreting the parse tree elements and replacing them with their literal equivalents. Unfortunately the code is not at all expandable, so to add Decimal to the code you need to copy all the code … Read more
The documentation states it is safe, and there is no bug relative to security of literal_eval in the bug tracker, so you can probably assume it is safe. Also, according to the source, literal_eval parses the string to a python AST (source tree), and returns only if it is a literal. The code is never … Read more
The fundamental trick is to recognize that parsing, however accomplished, happens in incremental steps, including the reading of the tokens one by one. At each incremental step, there is an opportunity to build part of the AST by combining AST fragments built by other incremental steps. This is a recursive idea, and it bottoms out … Read more
AST is an abstraction of the CST (concrete syntax tree, or, parse tree). The concrete syntax tree is the tree resulting from the productions (in the grammar) used to parse the file. So your AST is basically derived from your grammar definition, but has for transformed Exp / | \ / | \ * Ident … Read more
A concrete syntax tree represents the source text exactly in parsed form. In general, it conforms to the context-free grammar defining the source language. However, the concrete grammar and tree have a lot of things that are necessary to make source text unambiguously parseable, but do not contribute to actual meaning. For example, to implement … Read more
Raphael wrote: Does antlr build the AST for us automatically by option{output=AST;}? Or do I have to make the tree myself? If it does, then how to spit out the nodes on that AST? No, the parser does not know what you want as root and as leaves for each parser rule, so you’ll have … Read more
Ok, let’s build a simple math example. Building an AST is totally overkill for such a task but it’s a nice way to show the principle. I’ll do it in C# but the Java version would be very similar. The grammar First, let’s write a very basic math grammar to work with: grammar Math; compileUnit … Read more