Similar to this question which asks about points instead of centimeters. There are 72 points per inch and there are 2.54 centimeters per inch, so just substitute 2.54 for 72 in the answer to that question. I’ll quote and correct my answer here:
There are 2.54 centimeters per inch; if it is sufficient to assume 96 pixels per inch, the formula is rather simple:
centimeters = pixels * 2.54 / 96
There is a way to get the configured pixels per inch of your display for Microsoft Windows called GetDeviceCaps. Microsoft has a guide called “Developing DPI-Aware Applications”, look for the section “Creating DPI-Aware Fonts”.