There are several options on Windows.
Windows Performance Toolkit can be used to enable tracing of various system events, including file I/O, and includes tools for processing and viewing these events. You can use xperf to begin trace variously classes of events and save to an ETL file that you can then process or view using the same tools later.
Process Monitor from Sysinternals is another, very easy to use, option, and enables you to quickly see all file and registry accesses any process on the system is doing. You can also run Process Monitor in an automated fashion.
If you’d like to do this completely programmatically, you can use the ETW functions (StartTrace, EnableTrace, etc.) to snap file I/O events and save to an ETL file. Sample code here.