Is there a convenient way to apply a lookup table to a large array in numpy?

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You can just use image to index into lut if lut is 1D.
Here’s a starter on indexing in NumPy:
http://www.scipy.org/Tentative_NumPy_Tutorial#head-864862d3f2bb4c32f04260fac61eb4ef34788c4c

In [54]: lut = np.arange(10) * 10

In [55]: img = np.random.randint(0,9,size=(3,3))

In [56]: lut
Out[56]: array([ 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90])

In [57]: img
Out[57]: 
array([[2, 2, 4],
       [1, 3, 0],
       [4, 3, 1]])

In [58]: lut[img]
Out[58]: 
array([[20, 20, 40],
       [10, 30,  0],
       [40, 30, 10]])

Mind also the indexing starts at 0

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