After checking various chrome bug reports, I can confirm that Google Chrome ignores the default functionality of Adobe PDF viewer. At the time of this answer there is no way to pass parameters (like zoom) to the Chrome PDF viewer.
EDIT
Progress has been made on this by the Chromium team. The work was being done with reference to both the Acrobat SDK and RFC 3778. As of Dec 2017 Chromium added support for view, zoom, page, toolbar and nameddest and later made it into Chrome.