No, you can’t. The compiler doesn’t know what the pointer is pointing to. There are tricks, like ending the array with a known out-of-band value and then counting the size up until that value, but that’s not using sizeof().
Another trick is the one mentioned by Zan, which is to stash the size somewhere. For example, if you’re dynamically allocating the array, allocate a block one int bigger than the one you need, stash the size in the first int, and return ptr+1 as the pointer to the array. When you need the size, decrement the pointer and peek at the stashed value. Just remember to free the whole block starting from the beginning, and not just the array.