How to check if a process is running inside docker container?

Docker creates .dockerenv and .dockerinit (removed in v1.11) files at the top of the container’s directory tree so you might want to check if those exist.

Something like this should work.

#!/bin/bash
if [ -f /.dockerenv ]; then
    echo "I'm inside matrix ;(";
else
    echo "I'm living in real world!";
fi

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