vector requires that the values are movable, in order to maintain a contiguous array of values as it grows. You could create a vector containing mutexes, but you couldn’t do anything that might need to resize it.
Other containers don’t have that requirement; either deque or [forward_]list should work, as long as you construct the mutexes in place either during construction, or by using emplace() or resize(). Functions such as insert() and push_back() will not work.
Alternatively, you could add an extra level of indirection and store unique_ptr; but your comment in another answer indicates that you believe the extra cost of dynamic allocation to be unacceptable.