function composition in C++ / C++11

Something along these lines, perhaps (untested):

template <typename F>
class Composer {
  int n_;
  F f_;
public:
  Composer(int n, F f) : n_(n), f_(f) {}

  template <typename T>
  T operator()(T x) const {
    int n = n_;
    while (n--) {
      x = f_(x);
    }
    return x;
  }
};

template <int N, typename F>
Composer<F> compose(F f) {
  return Composer<F>(N, f);
}

EDIT: And for the second case (tested this time):

#include <iostream>

template <typename F0, typename... F>
class Composer2 {
    F0 f0_;
    Composer2<F...> tail_;
public:
    Composer2(F0 f0, F... f) : f0_(f0), tail_(f...) {}

    template <typename T>
    T operator() (const T& x) const {
        return f0_(tail_(x));
    }
};

template <typename F>
class Composer2<F> {
    F f_;
public:
    Composer2(F f) : f_(f) {}

    template <typename T>
    T operator() (const T& x) const {
        return f_(x);
    }
};

template <typename... F>
Composer2<F...> compose2(F... f) {
    return Composer2<F...>(f...);
}

int f(int x) { return x + 1; }
int g(int x) { return x * 2; }
int h(int x) { return x - 1; }

int main() {
  std::cout << compose2(f, g, h)(42);
  return 0;
}